THE ARCHITECTURES AND PROTCOLS OF NEXT-GENERATION INTERNET

FINAL REPORT

TOPIC: CHOICENET AND SOFWARE DEFINED NETWORKING OVERVIEW

BY

ABDUL-WADUD ALHASSAN

STUDENT ID: 716106010024

6/18/2017

INTRODUCTION

The provision of secure and reliable internet services has now become the focus of several organizations worldwide. Various internet approaches have been proposed and are been implemented by some of these organization. One of such implementations is Software Defined Networking(SDN) by The Open Networking foundation(ONF) which is an emerging architecture that is dynamic, manageable, cost-effective, and adaptable, making it ideal for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today's applications. Choice net is also another ongoing project among other Future Internet Architecture (FIA) projects funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) which seeks to enable network providers offer new network-based services (QoS, storage, etc.) for sale to customers by developing an “economy plane”. This connection of economic relationships and network services across various time scales will not only enable users to select among service alternatives but also create a competition among services provides which in the long run will better technological solutions and more competitive prices.

SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture where network control is decoupled from forwarding and is directly programmable. Thus, it breaks the vertical integration by separating the network’s control logic (the control plane) from the underlying routers and switches that forward the traffic (the data plane). The control logic is implemented by a Network Operating System (controller), whiles the network switches become simple forwarding devices. This makes decisions like policy enforcement and network (re)configuration and evolution simplified.

An important consequence of the software-defined networking principles is the separation of concerns introduced between the definition of network policies, their implementation in switching hardware, and the forwarding of traffic. This separation is key to the desired flexibility, breaking the network control problem into tractable pieces, and making it easier to create and introduce new abstractions in networking, simplifying network management and facilitating network evolution and innovation. Unlike In traditional IP networks where the control and data planes are tightly coupled, embedded in the same networking devices, and the whole structure is highly decentralized. This was considered important for the design of the Internet in the early days: it seemed the best way to guarantee network resilience, which was quite effective in terms of network performance, with a rapid increase of line rate and port densities. However, the outcome is a very complex and relatively static architecture which has made traditional networks rigid, and complex to manage and control.

Figure 1: SDN architecture

The separation of the control plane and the data plane can be realized by means of a well-defined programming interface between the switches and the SDN controller. One of such application programming Interfaces(API) is OPENFLOW.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SDN

The network architecture consists of three planes. The data plane is the bottom plane that is made up of SDN-enabled switches. The SDN-enabled switches send routing requests to the control plane instead of calculating routing rules by themselves when they receive new flows. Then the control plane calculates paths for the requests and assigns the routing rules in compliance with the applications in the top application plane. All the routing requests from the data plane and the switch configurations from the control plane are transmitted through the southbound interface, corresponding messages on the control link are regulated by the south bound protocol such as OpenFlow. All the controller configurations are sent through the northbound interface, corresponding messages are regulated by the northbound protocol such as REST.

APPLICATIONS OF SDN

Software-defined mobile networking (SDMN) is an approach to the design of mobile networks where all protocol-specific features are implemented in software, maximizing the use of generic and commodity hardware and software in both the core network and radio access network. It is proposed as an extension of SDN paradigm to incorporate mobile network specific functionalities.

An SD-WAN is a Wide Area Network (WAN) managed using the principles of software-defined networking. The main driver of SD-WAN is to lower WAN costs using less expensive leased lines, as an alternative or partial replacement of more expensive MPLS lines. Control and management is separated from the hardware, with central controllers allowing easier configuration and administration.

A SD-LAN is a Local area network (LAN) built around the principles of software-defined networking, though there are key differences in topology, network security, application visibility and control, management and quality of service. SD-LAN decouples control management, and data planes to enable a policy driven architecture for wired and wireless LANs. SD-LANs are characterized by their use of a cloud management system and wireless connectivity without the presence of a physical controller.

CHOICENET

The main idea of ChoiceNet is to replace the idea of long-term `paper-based` service agreements between entities in a network with explicit economic relationships. This is achieved by introducing an economy plane into the network which will enable market-based competition among network providers by setting up fine-grained, short-term economic contracts for network services, this in turn improves quality of offerings and reduces cost to customers.

Not only should ChoiceNet support alternatives for consumers to choose from and purchase, but it also needs to support a variety of economic relationships. Providers may bundle and resell services offered by others, adding value in the process; in doing so they act as both customers and providers.

Figure 3: ChoiceNet architecture

CHOICENET COMPONENTS

1-      ECONOMY PLANE: this is where economic relationships for network services are established by customers and providers interact.  Customers interact with providers to obtain access to one or more services. This entity may act as a client to one side and as a customer to the other side. Such transitivity enables the composition of more advanced services without the need for the provider to have access to physical infrastructure. The MARKETPLACE falls under this plane which acts as a “service commons,” a meeting ground for provider advertisements and user requirements.

Each provider of service advertises each service they offer. CONTRACTS are used in the economy plane to set up the economic exchanges that precede the set up and use of services in the use plane.

2-      USE PLANE: This plane is where SERVICES are realized and corresponds to the traditional data plane and control plane. Providers enable services based on economy plane agreements so (authorized) clients can use them. ChoiceNet services range from simple bit pipes to payload processing functionality, from data transmission to data storage. These services are offered in marketplaces and can be obtained by anyone—end-system users or providers of service compositions.

The steps taken to set up connections in ChoiceNet are:

·         Providers advertise their services in one or more marketplaces.

·         An end system application (e.g., movie streaming app) queries the marketplace for available service offerings (e.g., QoS pipes, cached content).

·         The user (or a delegated entity, such as the operating system) makes a decision on which service to “purchase”.

·          The providers involved in the service offerings set up their services in return for “consideration”.

·         The end system application uses the provided service.

CONCLUSION

Technological advancement in today`s world has led to the rise in demand for internet services that can`t be met by our current traditional network structure in the near future. Therefore, various approaches are being proposed as well as implemented in order to cater for this advancement.

The explosion of mobile devices and content, server virtualization, and advent of cloud services are among the trends driving the networking industry to re-examine traditional network architectures. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an architecture purporting to be dynamic, manageable, cost-effective, and adaptable, seeking to be suitable for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today's applications.

The goal of ChoiceNet is to enable choices and the associated economic relationships between entities in the network. ChoiceNet makes it possible for network service providers to compete for customers and be rewarded for quality and innovation.

REFERENCES

1-      - Open Networking Foundation. Software-Defined Networking: The New Norm for Networks. White paper, Open Networking Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Apr. 2012.

2-      Tilman Wolf, James Griffioen, Kenneth L. Calvert, Rudra Dutta, George N. Rouskas, Ilia Baldine, and Anna Nagurney. ChoiceNet: toward an economy plane for the Internet. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 44(3):58–65, July 2014

3-       D. Kreutz, Fernando M. V. Ramos, P. Verissimo, C. E. Rothenberg, S. Azodolmolky, and S. Uhlig.  Software-Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Survey. Oct. 2014

4-        Xinming Chen, Tilman Wolf, Jim Griffioen, Onur Ascigil, Rudra Dutta, George Rouskas, Shireesh Bhat, Ilya Baldin, and Ken Calvert. Design of a protocol to enable economic transactions for network services. In Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 5354–5359, London, UK, June 2015.

5-      T. Wolf, J. Griffioen, K. L. Calvert, R. Dutta, G. N. Rouskas, I. Baldine, and A. Nagurney. Choice as a principle in network architecture. In Proc. of ACM Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM), pages 105–106, Helsinki, Finland, Aug. 2012. (Poster).

6-      Ricard Vilalta, Raluca Ciungu, Arturo Mayoral, Ramon Casellas, Ricardo Martínez, David Pubill, Jordi Serra, Raul Muñoz, and Christos Verikoukis. Improving Security in Internet of Things with Software Defined Networking. 2016 IEEE